Ok, here comes more raw data, but I know that I'm not getting everything out there, so we need more contributors posting.
HIIGARAN BOMBER The hiigaran bombers are the only units that you can get playing hiigaran race that are specifically designed to destroy subsystems. After researching improved bombs the bombers receive 2.5 multiplier to the damage done to subsystems. This makes them extremely unwanted anywhere near your capital and supercapital ships, as they will strip down your productions ships bare and leave you unable to build any combat units for a while. They will also temporarily turn your valuable battlecruisers into helpless heaps of metal, good enough for maybe some enemy target practice or a few boarding parties. The fear of the bombers is the reason your team absolutely must have some sort of anti-fighter counter, and interceptors are usually the best choice. Bombers are considerably slower, so they are easily dispatched by the interceptors. Bombers can be upgraded twice with a speed upgrade research, which makes them slightly more difficult to intercept in time.
While subsystem hunt is bombers' primary role, they can do an excellent job of destroying enemy frigates, and as such the bombers are the first choice of countering early torpedo frigates hyperspacing to your resource patches. They can also be used on anti-fighter frigates and gun platforms, but if the enemy has a group of those, the bombers will suffer heavy losses. Due to their slower speed, large groups of hull and kinetic guns are much more dangerous to the bombers than to the interceptors. To destroy anything bigger than a frigate, you will need to almost max your fighter squad limit with bombers, which is very rare because good enemy will not give you such an opportunity.
Other less used targets for bombers include resource patches and corvettes. Bombers are very good at killing enemy resourcers and mobile refineries, so if you can pull enemy fighters somewhere else, you can use your anti-hypertorp leftover bombers to raid a remote resource patch. Even though they are pretty decent at it, using bombers on corvettes is a thing of the past, because you will need a large number of bombers to be effective, and if the corvettes decide to shoot back, bombers will not survive for long(with the exception of the laser and minelayer corvettes, of course).
On the last note, if for some odd reason you have 14 fully upgraded bombers flying around and you meet a group of enemy interceptors and nothing else around, you will have no alternative but to engage the interceptors. To your surprise you may find out that your bombers can actually defeat a group of 7-8 interceptor squads, and perhaps even find the way to the retiring bay after the battle.
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